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 History of industrial revolution (from 1.0 to 5.0) 

1780 — Industry 1.0 — Mechanization Industrial production based on machines powered by water and steam 

1870 — Industry 2.0 — Electrification Mass-production using assembly lines 

1970 — Industry 3.0 — Automation using electronics and computers 

1980 — Industry 3.5 — Globalization Offshoring of production to low-cost economies 

Today — Industry 4.0 — Digitalization Introduction of connected devices, data analytics and artificial intelligence technologies to automate processes further 

Future — Industry 5.0 — Personalization The fifth industrial revolution, or Industry 5.0, will be focused on the co-operation between man and machine, as human intelligence works in harmony with cognitive computing. By putting humans back into industrial production with collaborative robots, workers will be up skilled to provide value-added tasks in production, leading to mass customization and personalization for customers 

Avijit Kumar Roy

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