India has recently undergone a significant overhaul of its criminal laws. As of July 1, 2024, three groundbreaking criminal laws have come into effect, replacing outdated colonial-era statutes. Here's a brief overview: 1. **Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS)**: Replaces the Indian Penal Code (IPC) of 1860. BNS introduces innovative measures like **Zero FIR**, allowing complaints to be filed at any police station, and emphasizes timely justice delivery through strict trial timelines¹. 2. **Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS)**: Replaces the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) of 1973. BNSS incorporates technological advancements, such as online police complaints and electronic summons services, reducing paperwork and enhancing communication. 3. **Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA)**: Replaces the Indian Evidence Act of 1872. BSA includes special provisions for crimes against women and children, ensuring sensitive handling and expedited medical examinations. It also updates definition...
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